ABAPer Notes

Monday, February 13, 2017

ABAP Editor Keyboard Shortcuts

Icon	Shortcut Key	Use
	Enter key	Enter/Continue
	Ctrl S	Save
	F3	Back
	Shift F3	Exit System Task
	F12	Cancel
	Ctrl P	Print
	Ctrl F	Find
	Alt F12(PC only)	Customize local layout
	Ctrl G	Continue Search
	F1	Help
	Ctrl Page Up	Scroll to top of document
	Page up	Scroll up one page

Thursday, February 9, 2017

Variable Naming Convention in ABAP

Here are some rules that I used for my convenience in coding ABAP. You can also have your own style in naming the variables in ABAP. These naming convention might help you remember and differentiate variables that you used, but keep in mind that you might need to follow a different naming convention in every project.

Variable Type	Usage
Global Varibles	gv_<variablename>
	d_<variablename>

Local Variable	lv_<variablename>
	ld_<variablename>

Global Internal Table	it_<internaltablename>
	gt_<internaltablename>

Local Internal Table	lt_<internaltablename>

Global Work Area	gw_<workareaname>

Local Work Area	lw_<workareaname>
	wa_<workareaname>

Constant	c_<constantname>

Parameter	p_<parametername>

Select_option	s_<selectoptionname>

Ranges	r_<rangename>

Type Structure	ty_<structurename>

Subroutines	F_<subroutinename>
	FORM_<subroutinename>

Source:

https://archive.sap.com/discussions/thread/531835

Friday, February 3, 2017

SAP Basic Operators, Keywords, Functions

Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Using Operator	Using Keyword
Less than	a < b	a LT B
Greater than	a > b	a GT b
Less than or equal	a <= b	a LE b
Greater than or equal	a >= b	a GE b
Equal	a = b	a EQ b
Not equal	a <> b	a NE b

Comparison Operators

Operator	Using Operator	Using Keyword
Addition	p = n + m.	ADD n TO m.
Subtraction	P = m – n.	SUBTRACT n FROM m.
Multiplication	P = m * n.	MULTIPLY m BY n.
Division	P = m / n.	DIVIDE m BY n.
Integer division	P = m DIV n.	---
Remainder of division	P = m MOD n.	---
Powers	P = m ** n.	---

Logical Expressions

Expression	Usage
AND	(a<b) and (a<c)
OR	(a<b) or (a<c)
NOT	a NOT b
BETWEEN	a BETWEEN b AND c
IS	a IS (NULL/ASSIGNED/BOUND/INITIAL)

Numeric Data Types Functions

DATA

DATA n TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
DATA m TYPE p DECIMALS 2 VALUE '-5.55'.

Function	Usage	Output
ABS	n = abs( m ). WRITE: 'ABS: ', n.	ABS: 5.55
SIGN	n = sign( m ). WRITE: / 'SIGN: ', n.	SIGN: 1.00-
CEIL	n = ceil( m ). WRITE: / 'CEIL: ', n.	CEIL: 5.00-
FLOOR	n = floor( m ). WRITE: / 'FLOOR:', n.	FLOOR: 6.00-
TRUNC	n = trunc( m ). WRITE: / 'TRUNC:', n.	TRUNC: 5.00-
FRAC	n = frac( m ). WRITE: / 'FRAC: ', n.	FRAC: 0.55-

Floating-Point Functions

Function	Meaning
acos, asin, atan; cos, sin, tan	Trigonometric functions.
cosh, sinh, tanh	Hyperbolic functions.
exp	Exponential function with base e (e=2.7182818285).
log	Natural logarithm with base e.
log10	Logarithm with base 10.
sqrt	Square root.

String Logical Expression

CO	str1 only contains characters from <str2>;
CN	str1 contains characters not only from str2 (corresponds to NOT str1 CO str2);
CA	str1 contains at least one character from str2;
NA	str1 does not contain any characters from str2;
CS	str1 contains the string str2;
NS	str1 does not contain the string str2;
CP	str1 contains the pattern str2;
NP	str1 does not contain the pattern str2;

String Functions

DATA: title(15) TYPE c VALUE 'Mr',

surname(40) TYPE c VALUE 'Smith',
Forename(40) TYPE c VALUE 'Joe',
sep, "an empty character by default"
Destination(200) TYPE c,
spaced_name TYPE STRING VALUE 'Joe Smith',
len TYPE i.

Function	Usage	Output
CONCATENATE	DATA: title(15) TYPE c VALUE 'Mr',
	surname(40) TYPE c VALUE 'Smith',
	forename(40) TYPE c VALUE 'Joe',
	sep, "an empty character by default"
	destination(200) TYPE c.
	CONCATENATE title surname forename INTO destination SEPARATED BY sep.	Mr Smith Joe

CONDENSE	DATA spaced_name TYPE string VALUE 'Joe Smith'.
	CONDENSE spaced_name.	Joe Smith

CONDENSE NO GAPS	CONDENSE spaced_name NO-GAPS.	JoeSmith

STRLEN	DATA len TYPE i.
	len = strlen( surname ).
	WRITE / len.
	strlen( surname ).	5

REPLACE	REPLACE ' ' WITH '-' INTO destination.	Mr-Smith Joe
	REPLACE ' ' WITH '-' INTO destination.	Mr-Smith-Joe

REPLACE ALL OCCURRENCES	REPLACE ALL OCCURRENCES OF '-' IN destination WITH '+'.	Mr+Smith+Joe

SEARCH	destination = 'Mr. Smith Joe'.
	SEARCH destination for 'Joe '.	sy-fdpos 10
	SEARCH destination for '*ith'.	sy-fdpos 4
	SEARCH destination for 'John'.	sy-subrc 4

SHIFT	DATA empl_num TYPE STRING VALUE '0000654321'.
	SHIFT empl_num. "become 000654321	000654321

SHIFT DELETE LEADING	empl_num = '0000654321'.
	SHIFT empl_num left deleting leading '0'. "become 654321	654321

SHIFT CURCULAR	empl_num = '0000654321'.
	SHIFT empl_num CIRCULAR.	0006543210

SPLIT	DATA mystring TYPE string VALUE '1234 ACBD 6789'.
	DATA: a(10) TYPE c,
	b(10) TYPE c,
	c(10) TYPE C,	a 1234
	sep2(2) TYPE c VALUE '**'.	b ABCD
	SPLIT mystring AT sep2 INTO a b c.	c 6789

SUBFIELDS	DATA: int_tel_num(17) TYPE c VALUE '+62-812345678',
	country_code(3) TYPE c,
	tel_num(14) TYPE c.

	country_code = int_tel_num(3).	62
	tel_num = int_tel_num+4(13).	812345678

Formatting String Functions

Function	Description
LEFT-JUSTIFIED	Specifies that the output is left-justified.

CENTERED	Denotes that the output is centered.

RIGHT-JUSTIFIED	Specifies that the output is right-justified.

UNDER <g>	The output starts directly under the field <g>.

NO-GAP	Specifies that the blank after field <f> is rejected.

USING EDIT MASK <m>	Denotes the specification of the format template <m>. Using No EDIT Mask: This specifies that the format template specified in the ABAP Dictionary is deactivated.

NO-ZERO	If a field contains only zeroes, then they are replaced by blanks.

Formatting Numeric Functions

Function	Description
NO-SIGN	Specifies that no leading sign is displayed on the screen.

EXPONENT <e>	Specifies that in type F (the floating point fields), the exponent is defined in <e>.

ROUND <r>	The type P fields (packed numeric data types) are first multiplied by 10**(-r) and then rounded off to an integer value.

CURRENCY <c>	Denotes that the formatting is done according to the currency <c> value that is stored in the TCURX database table.

UNIT <u>	Specifies that the number of decimal places is fixed according to the <u> unit as specified in the T006 database table for type P.

DECIMALS <d>	Specifies that the number of digits <d> must be displayed after the decimal point.

Main Source:
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sap_abap

Thursday, February 2, 2017

The Central Repository of SAP, DATA DICTIONARY

ABAP Dictionary is a major tool of ABAP workbench which acts as a central repository for data definitions in SAP System. Hence, any new of modified information will be automatically provided for all system components to ensure the integrity, consistency, and security of the data. Having said that, it is just an interface as there is a real database which stores the data like DB2, MS SQL, Oracle, and even HANA.

The Object types in ABAP Dictionary are:

Tables: This is a table just like the one in a typical Relational Database Management System

View: This is a logical view of more than one table like the a Relational Database View do

Data Types: These are basic global data types, but very important as they determine the types of the data used by lots of programs. The data types includes:

Data element: Data element describes an individual fields in a form of elementary types. It tells the semantic attributes of a field like the field length, the number of decimal places, and even screen information like field help/explanatory text). However, the technical characteristics of the field such as data type (INT2, CURR, QUAN, CHAR, STRING), output characteristics, and value range in a field are defined in a domain.

Structure: Structure is a sequence of any other data types that can be used in the making of a workarea or even an internal table.

Table types: Just like a structure, but it is only for an internal table.

Lock objects: Objects that synchronize access to the same data by more than one user/program. Hence, it avoid the inconsistency when data is being maintained in the database. Domain: This is the technical type of a field which is used by a group of data elements as discussed before.

To summarize this, you can thinking the data types in this way:

Domain --> Data Elements --> Structure --> Table Type --> Table --> View

Sources:
https://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw73ehp1/helpdata/en/cf/21ea0b446011d189700000e8322d00/frameset.htm

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sap_abap/sap_abap_dictionary.htm

http://www.saponlinetutorials.com/what-is-abap-dictionary-data-dictionary-overview/

Tuesday, January 31, 2017

Simple Write Report in SAP

Preparation

Although I have posted my very first Hello World post, I haven't demonstrate any tutorial yet. Therefore, i will guide you to create your very first report Program at SAP with ABAP. First of all, you will need: - SAP GUI on your computer - Authenticated SAP account to access an SAP Server If you do not have an access to SAP, I am afraid you have to create your very own SAP Server known as SAP IDES (Internet Demonstration and Evaluation System) for the purpose of training and learning by following one of two tutorials here:

Where to Start?

Once you managed to logged on SAP System, you can start go to ABAP Editor with t-code SE38 in the command field at the top left of the SAP screen.

Type your program name starting with letter Y or Z (OBLIGATORY) like Y_MY_PROGRAM, then press Create Button and type the Program title and choose Executable Program as the type. After that save and choose $TMP (Local Object) as the package unless you need to transport this program.

PRINT, I mean WRITE

Once you are in ABAP Editor, you can start create your very first program in the next ABAP Editor Window, simply write these two lines of codes:

REPORT  y_my_program.
WRITE 'Hello World!'.

Once you are done, Press Direct Processing Button (F8)

And voila, your Hello World! Report Program in SAP :D On any other language, you might end your programming statement with semicolon (;), in ABAP, you use dot (.) just like a sentence. You can write more words or variable in the write sentence using semicolon (:), it is used to input multiple data in many ABAP syntax like write.

Example:

WRITE: 'This', 'is' , 'my', 'first', 'program'.

This is the same like writing the following statements

WRITE 'This'.
WRITE 'is'.
WRITE 'my'.
WRITE 'first'.
WRITE 'program'.

Next Line Please

These statement will give the same exact result like this, continuing the previous Hello World, it seems that it gives a space to every word

To enter a new line you can use slash (/) in the write syntax.

WRITE / 'This is my second line'.

However, using slash seems too redundant to have some line spacing, hence you can use
SKIP [number of lines] to skip some lines.

SKIP 2.

Stick Your Notes

Another important thing to know is commenting in your ABAP code, you can use asterisk (*) to give a full commend in a line and double quote (") to give partial commend at the end of a statement. Last tips to do a block commenting, you can make the use of ctrl + (<) to comment and ctrl + (>) to uncomment.

*Write any bullshit in the line when there is an asterisk in the front 
WRITE 'End of my Hello World Report'. "This is the end

Compilation

To give the whole idea of this tutorial, please mind to look and try yourself compiled code below.

Source Code:

REPORT  y_my_program.

WRITE 'Hello World!'.

WRITE: 'This', 'is' , 'my', 'first', 'program'.

*Next line
WRITE / 'This is my second line'.

*Another method to make new line
SKIP 2.

*Write any bullshit in the line when there is an asterisk in the front
WRITE 'End of my Hello World Report'. "This is the end

*    _    ____    _    ____
*   / \  | __ )  / \  |  _ \  Block Comment
*  / _ \ |  _ \ / _ \ | |_) | Use CTRL + <
* / ___ \| |_) / ___ \|  __/  will automatically put asterisk
*/_/   \_\____/_/   \_\_|     in the front of the block

Result:

Hello World!

Hello World! This is the first post i just published on the day i made this blog on 31th January 2017. I believe most of the readers here have been familiar with my "Hello World!" phrase which is used in your very first program with a particular new language and here I will share my knowledge in ABAP language in this blog for everyone to learn.

If you haven't heard of ABAP, it is stands for Advanced Business Application Programming, originally Allgemeiner Berichts-Aufbereitungs-Prozessor in German, a high-level programming language created by the German software company, SAP SE. Hence, it can only be used in its ERP Software's environment, SAP for customisations of feature implementation in it.

By the way, my name is Evan Christiawan, I am a graduate student from Murdoch University majoring in Computer Science and Cyber Forensics. Currently, I work as ABAP technical consultant at Soltius Indonesia, a subsidiary of Metrodata Group that focuses its business in dealing with SAP Solution to help companies run better.

I think that's all for the introduction and won't introduce more about me unless you want to know me more :). Hopefully i can keep updating posts/notes in this blog and help lots of people who are curious in learning ABAP, a language of SAP.