ABAPer Notes: February 2017

Monday, February 13, 2017

ABAP Editor Keyboard Shortcuts

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Thursday, February 9, 2017

Variable Naming Convention in ABAP

Here are some rules that I used for my convenience in coding ABAP. You can also have your own style in naming the variables in ABAP. These naming convention might help you remember and differentiate variables that you used, but keep in mind that you might need to follow a different naming convention in every project.

Variable Type	Usage
Global Varibles	gv_<variablename>
	d_<variablename>

Local Variable	lv_<variablename>
	ld_<variablename>

Global Internal Table	it_<internaltablename>
	gt_<internaltablename>

Local Internal Table	lt_<internaltablename>

Global Work Area	gw_<workareaname>

Local Work Area	lw_<workareaname>
	wa_<workareaname>

Constant	c_<constantname>

Parameter	p_<parametername>

Select_option	s_<selectoptionname>

Ranges	r_<rangename>

Type Structure	ty_<structurename>

Subroutines	F_<subroutinename>
	FORM_<subroutinename>

Source:

https://archive.sap.com/discussions/thread/531835

Friday, February 3, 2017

SAP Basic Operators, Keywords, Functions

Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Using Operator	Using Keyword
Less than	a < b	a LT B
Greater than	a > b	a GT b
Less than or equal	a <= b	a LE b
Greater than or equal	a >= b	a GE b
Equal	a = b	a EQ b
Not equal	a <> b	a NE b

Comparison Operators

Operator	Using Operator	Using Keyword
Addition	p = n + m.	ADD n TO m.
Subtraction	P = m – n.	SUBTRACT n FROM m.
Multiplication	P = m * n.	MULTIPLY m BY n.
Division	P = m / n.	DIVIDE m BY n.
Integer division	P = m DIV n.	---
Remainder of division	P = m MOD n.	---
Powers	P = m ** n.	---

Logical Expressions

Expression	Usage
AND	(a<b) and (a<c)
OR	(a<b) or (a<c)
NOT	a NOT b
BETWEEN	a BETWEEN b AND c
IS	a IS (NULL/ASSIGNED/BOUND/INITIAL)

Numeric Data Types Functions

DATA

DATA n TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
DATA m TYPE p DECIMALS 2 VALUE '-5.55'.

Function	Usage	Output
ABS	n = abs( m ). WRITE: 'ABS: ', n.	ABS: 5.55
SIGN	n = sign( m ). WRITE: / 'SIGN: ', n.	SIGN: 1.00-
CEIL	n = ceil( m ). WRITE: / 'CEIL: ', n.	CEIL: 5.00-
FLOOR	n = floor( m ). WRITE: / 'FLOOR:', n.	FLOOR: 6.00-
TRUNC	n = trunc( m ). WRITE: / 'TRUNC:', n.	TRUNC: 5.00-
FRAC	n = frac( m ). WRITE: / 'FRAC: ', n.	FRAC: 0.55-

Floating-Point Functions

Function	Meaning
acos, asin, atan; cos, sin, tan	Trigonometric functions.
cosh, sinh, tanh	Hyperbolic functions.
exp	Exponential function with base e (e=2.7182818285).
log	Natural logarithm with base e.
log10	Logarithm with base 10.
sqrt	Square root.

String Logical Expression

CO	str1 only contains characters from <str2>;
CN	str1 contains characters not only from str2 (corresponds to NOT str1 CO str2);
CA	str1 contains at least one character from str2;
NA	str1 does not contain any characters from str2;
CS	str1 contains the string str2;
NS	str1 does not contain the string str2;
CP	str1 contains the pattern str2;
NP	str1 does not contain the pattern str2;

String Functions

DATA: title(15) TYPE c VALUE 'Mr',

surname(40) TYPE c VALUE 'Smith',
Forename(40) TYPE c VALUE 'Joe',
sep, "an empty character by default"
Destination(200) TYPE c,
spaced_name TYPE STRING VALUE 'Joe Smith',
len TYPE i.

Function	Usage	Output
CONCATENATE	DATA: title(15) TYPE c VALUE 'Mr',
	surname(40) TYPE c VALUE 'Smith',
	forename(40) TYPE c VALUE 'Joe',
	sep, "an empty character by default"
	destination(200) TYPE c.
	CONCATENATE title surname forename INTO destination SEPARATED BY sep.	Mr Smith Joe

CONDENSE	DATA spaced_name TYPE string VALUE 'Joe Smith'.
	CONDENSE spaced_name.	Joe Smith

CONDENSE NO GAPS	CONDENSE spaced_name NO-GAPS.	JoeSmith

STRLEN	DATA len TYPE i.
	len = strlen( surname ).
	WRITE / len.
	strlen( surname ).	5

REPLACE	REPLACE ' ' WITH '-' INTO destination.	Mr-Smith Joe
	REPLACE ' ' WITH '-' INTO destination.	Mr-Smith-Joe

REPLACE ALL OCCURRENCES	REPLACE ALL OCCURRENCES OF '-' IN destination WITH '+'.	Mr+Smith+Joe

SEARCH	destination = 'Mr. Smith Joe'.
	SEARCH destination for 'Joe '.	sy-fdpos 10
	SEARCH destination for '*ith'.	sy-fdpos 4
	SEARCH destination for 'John'.	sy-subrc 4

SHIFT	DATA empl_num TYPE STRING VALUE '0000654321'.
	SHIFT empl_num. "become 000654321	000654321

SHIFT DELETE LEADING	empl_num = '0000654321'.
	SHIFT empl_num left deleting leading '0'. "become 654321	654321

SHIFT CURCULAR	empl_num = '0000654321'.
	SHIFT empl_num CIRCULAR.	0006543210

SPLIT	DATA mystring TYPE string VALUE '1234 ACBD 6789'.
	DATA: a(10) TYPE c,
	b(10) TYPE c,
	c(10) TYPE C,	a 1234
	sep2(2) TYPE c VALUE '**'.	b ABCD
	SPLIT mystring AT sep2 INTO a b c.	c 6789

SUBFIELDS	DATA: int_tel_num(17) TYPE c VALUE '+62-812345678',
	country_code(3) TYPE c,
	tel_num(14) TYPE c.

	country_code = int_tel_num(3).	62
	tel_num = int_tel_num+4(13).	812345678

Formatting String Functions

Function	Description
LEFT-JUSTIFIED	Specifies that the output is left-justified.

CENTERED	Denotes that the output is centered.

RIGHT-JUSTIFIED	Specifies that the output is right-justified.

UNDER <g>	The output starts directly under the field <g>.

NO-GAP	Specifies that the blank after field <f> is rejected.

USING EDIT MASK <m>	Denotes the specification of the format template <m>. Using No EDIT Mask: This specifies that the format template specified in the ABAP Dictionary is deactivated.

NO-ZERO	If a field contains only zeroes, then they are replaced by blanks.

Formatting Numeric Functions

Function	Description
NO-SIGN	Specifies that no leading sign is displayed on the screen.

EXPONENT <e>	Specifies that in type F (the floating point fields), the exponent is defined in <e>.

ROUND <r>	The type P fields (packed numeric data types) are first multiplied by 10**(-r) and then rounded off to an integer value.

CURRENCY <c>	Denotes that the formatting is done according to the currency <c> value that is stored in the TCURX database table.

UNIT <u>	Specifies that the number of decimal places is fixed according to the <u> unit as specified in the T006 database table for type P.

DECIMALS <d>	Specifies that the number of digits <d> must be displayed after the decimal point.

Main Source:
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sap_abap

Thursday, February 2, 2017

The Central Repository of SAP, DATA DICTIONARY

ABAP Dictionary is a major tool of ABAP workbench which acts as a central repository for data definitions in SAP System. Hence, any new of modified information will be automatically provided for all system components to ensure the integrity, consistency, and security of the data. Having said that, it is just an interface as there is a real database which stores the data like DB2, MS SQL, Oracle, and even HANA.

The Object types in ABAP Dictionary are:

Tables: This is a table just like the one in a typical Relational Database Management System

View: This is a logical view of more than one table like the a Relational Database View do

Data Types: These are basic global data types, but very important as they determine the types of the data used by lots of programs. The data types includes:

Data element: Data element describes an individual fields in a form of elementary types. It tells the semantic attributes of a field like the field length, the number of decimal places, and even screen information like field help/explanatory text). However, the technical characteristics of the field such as data type (INT2, CURR, QUAN, CHAR, STRING), output characteristics, and value range in a field are defined in a domain.

Structure: Structure is a sequence of any other data types that can be used in the making of a workarea or even an internal table.

Table types: Just like a structure, but it is only for an internal table.

Lock objects: Objects that synchronize access to the same data by more than one user/program. Hence, it avoid the inconsistency when data is being maintained in the database. Domain: This is the technical type of a field which is used by a group of data elements as discussed before.

To summarize this, you can thinking the data types in this way:

Domain --> Data Elements --> Structure --> Table Type --> Table --> View

Sources:
https://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw73ehp1/helpdata/en/cf/21ea0b446011d189700000e8322d00/frameset.htm

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sap_abap/sap_abap_dictionary.htm

http://www.saponlinetutorials.com/what-is-abap-dictionary-data-dictionary-overview/